Types of human papilloma virusOver 100 types of HPV are known. The types are the particular "subspecies" of the virus which differ from each other. The types are indicated by numbers assigned to them when they open.The high oncogenic risk group is 14 types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68 (these types are linked to the development of cervical cancer).In addition, the low oncogenic risk types (mainly 6 and 11) are known. They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (pointed condille, papillomas). The papillomas are located on the vulva mucosa, vagina, in the perianal region, on the skin of the genitals. They almost never become malignant, but lead to significant cosmetic defects in the genital zone. Warts on other parts of the body (arms, legs, face) can also be caused by these types of virus and can have a different origin. In the following articles, we will discuss the types of "high risk" of HPV and "low risk" separately. Human papillom infection of human papillomaThe virus is transmitted mainly in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, almost all women are infected: up to 90% of sexually active women will meet this infection throughout life.But there are good news: most infected (approximately 90%) will get rid of HPV without medical interventions for two years.This is a normal course of the infectious process caused by HPV in the human body. This time, the human immune system is enough to completely get rid of the virus. In such a situation, HPV will not hurt the body.In other words, if HPV was discovered some time ago, but now this is not the case, it is absolutely normal!You have to keep in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of getting rid of HPV can be different in sexual partners. Therefore, a situation is possible when one of the partners has found one HPV, and the other not. Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the start of sexual activity, and many of them will never know that HPVs have been infected. Persistent immunity after infection is not formed, so infection is possible both the same virus with which there was already a meeting and other types of viruses.The "high risk" of HPV is dangerous in that it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and certain other types of cancer. High risk HPVs do not cause other problems. HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation on the vaginal mucosa / cervix of the uterus, disorders of the menstrual cycle or infertility.HPV does not affect the ability to design and endure pregnancy. The "high risk" of the child's HPV is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of human papilloma virusIt is practically useless to take an analysis for HPV HPV on a high oncogenic risk up to 25 years (except women who start a sex life earlier (up to 18 years)), because at that time, it is very likely to detect a virus, which will soon leave the body alone.After 25 to 30 years, it is logical to take the analysis:
With an analysis of cytology (PAP - Test). If there are changes in the PAP test and the "high risk", then this situation requires special attention;The long -term persistence of the "high risk" of HPV in the absence of cytological changes also requires attention. Recently, it has been proven that the sensitivity of HPV tests in the prevention of cervical cancer is greater than the sensitivity of a cytological study, and therefore the definition of HPV (without cytological research) is approved as an independent study for the prevention of cervical cancer in the Uterus in the United States. However, in Russia, an annual cytological study is therefore recommended, therefore, a combination of these two studies is considered reasonable; After the treatment of dysplasia / prepare / cervical cancer (the absence of HPV in the analysis after treatment almost always indicates a successful treatment). For research, it is necessary to obtain a smear from the cervical canal (it is possible to study and of the vagina equipment, however, it is recommended that the material will be recommended from the cervix).The analysis must be carried out:Once a year (if the "high risk" of HPV has been discovered previously, and the analysis has passed with a cytological study);1 time in 5 years, if the previous analysis was negative.It is almost never necessary to take an analysis of the low oncogenic risk of HPV. If there is no papillomas, then this analysis does not make sense in principle (portage of the virus is possible, there is no treatment of the virus, so he does not know what to do with the result of the analysis).If there are papillomas, then:Most often, they are caused by HPV;It is necessary to delete them, whether or not we will find types 6/11;If you take a smear, then directly with the papillomas themselves, not the vagina / cervix of the uterus.There are tests to identify the different HPV types. If you periodically do tests for HPV, pay attention to the specific types included in the analysis. Some laboratories are only studying on the 16th and 18th types, others - for all types together. It is also possible to take an analysis which will identify the 14 types of "high -risk" virus in quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are significant to predict the probability of developing a pre -cervical cancer. These tests should be used in the context of the prevention of cervical cancer, not as an independent test. HPV analysis without the results of cytology (RAR test) often does not allow us to draw conclusions on the patient's state of health. There is not such an analysis which will determine whether the virus will "leave" in a particular patient or not.Treatment of human papillom virusThere is no drug treatment for HPV. There are methods of treatment of states caused by HPV (papillos, dysplasia, forecasting, cervical cancer). This treatment should be carried out using surgical methods (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).No "immunostimulant" is linked to the treatment of HPV and should not be applied. None of the well -known medications have passed adequate tests that would show their effectiveness and safety. No protocol / standards / recommendations are included in these drugs. The presence or absence of "erosion" of the cervix does not affect tactics of the treatment of HPV.If the patient has no complaints and also does not make a papill / modifications on the cervix during the colposcopy and according to PAP - the test, no processing procedure is necessary.It is necessary to resume the analysis once a year and to monitor the state of the cervix (test annually PAP, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus "will leave" the body by themselves. If he does not leave, it is completely optional that he will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but control is necessary. The treatment of sexual partners is not required (with the exception of cases where the two partners have genital papillomas).Prevention of human papilloma virusVaccines have been developed which protect from 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects types 6 and 11). The types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsible" of 70% of cases of cervical cancer, and therefore the protection against them is so important. Planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condom (does not provide 100%protection).
Human papillom infection of human papillomaThe virus is transmitted mainly in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, almost all women are infected: up to 90% of sexually active women will meet this infection throughout life.But there are good news: most infected (approximately 90%) will get rid of HPV without medical interventions for two years.This is a normal course of the infectious process caused by HPV in the human body. This time, the human immune system is enough to completely get rid of the virus. In such a situation, HPV will not hurt the body.In other words, if HPV was discovered some time ago, but now this is not the case, it is absolutely normal!You have to keep in mind that the immune system works for different people with "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of getting rid of HPV can be different in sexual partners. Therefore, a situation is possible when one of the partners has found one HPV, and the other not. Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the start of sexual activity, and many of them will never know that HPVs have been infected. Persistent immunity after infection is not formed, so infection is possible both the same virus with which there was already a meeting and other types of viruses.The "high risk" of HPV is dangerous in that it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and certain other types of cancer. High risk HPVs do not cause other problems. HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation on the vaginal mucosa / cervix of the uterus, disorders of the menstrual cycle or infertility.HPV does not affect the ability to design and endure pregnancy. The "high risk" of the child's HPV is not transmitted during pregnancy and during childbirth. Diagnosis of human papilloma virusIt is practically useless to take an analysis for HPV HPV on a high oncogenic risk up to 25 years (except women who start a sex life earlier (up to 18 years)), because at that time, it is very likely to detect a virus, which will soon leave the body alone.After 25 to 30 years, it is logical to take the analysis:With an analysis of cytology (PAP - Test). If there are changes in the PAP test and the "high risk", then this situation requires special attention;The long -term persistence of the "high risk" of HPV in the absence of cytological changes also requires attention. Recently, it has been proven that the sensitivity of HPV tests in the prevention of cervical cancer is greater than the sensitivity of a cytological study, and therefore the definition of HPV (without cytological research) is approved as an independent study for the prevention of cervical cancer in the Uterus in the United States. However, in Russia, an annual cytological study is therefore recommended, therefore, a combination of these two studies is considered reasonable; After the treatment of dysplasia / prepare / cervical cancer (the absence of HPV in the analysis after treatment almost always indicates a successful treatment). For research, it is necessary to obtain a smear from the cervical canal (it is possible to study and of the vagina equipment, however, it is recommended that the material will be recommended from the cervix).The analysis must be carried out:Once a year (if the "high risk" of HPV has been discovered previously, and the analysis has passed with a cytological study);1 time in 5 years, if the previous analysis was negative.It is almost never necessary to take an analysis of the low oncogenic risk of HPV. If there is no papillomas, then this analysis does not make sense in principle (portage of the virus is possible, there is no treatment of the virus, so he does not know what to do with the result of the analysis).If there are papillomas, then:Most often, they are caused by HPV;It is necessary to delete them, whether or not we will find types 6/11;If you take a smear, then directly with the papillomas themselves, not the vagina / cervix of the uterus.There are tests to identify the different HPV types. If you periodically do tests for HPV, pay attention to the specific types included in the analysis. Some laboratories are only studying on the 16th and 18th types, others - for all types together. It is also possible to take an analysis which will identify the 14 types of "high -risk" virus in quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are significant to predict the probability of developing a pre -cervical cancer. These tests should be used in the context of the prevention of cervical cancer, not as an independent test. HPV analysis without the results of cytology (RAR test) often does not allow us to draw conclusions on the patient's state of health. There is not such an analysis which will determine whether the virus will "leave" in a particular patient or not.Treatment of human papillom virusThere is no drug treatment for HPV. There are methods of treatment of states caused by HPV (papillos, dysplasia, forecasting, cervical cancer). This treatment should be carried out using surgical methods (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).No "immunostimulant" is linked to the treatment of HPV and should not be applied. None of the well -known medications have passed adequate tests that would show their effectiveness and safety. No protocol / standards / recommendations are included in these drugs. The presence or absence of "erosion" of the cervix does not affect tactics of the treatment of HPV.If the patient has no complaints and also does not make a papill / modifications on the cervix during the colposcopy and according to PAP - the test, no processing procedure is necessary.It is necessary to resume the analysis once a year and to monitor the state of the cervix (test annually PAP, colposcopy). In most patients, the virus "will leave" the body by themselves. If he does not leave, it is completely optional that he will lead to the development of cervical cancer, but control is necessary. The treatment of sexual partners is not required (with the exception of cases where the two partners have genital papillomas).Prevention of human papilloma virusVaccines have been developed which protect from 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects types 6 and 11). The types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsible" of 70% of cases of cervical cancer, and therefore the protection against them is so important. Planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condom (does not provide 100%protection).